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CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4. 1912.

FREDERICK O. HEUSEB, OE C HIGAGO, ILLINOIS.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 11, 1917.

Application filed November 4, 1912. Serial No. 729,485.

Be it known that I, FREDERICK 0. Hanan, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the'county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new anduse ful Improvements in Calculating-Machines, of which the followi'n is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, form'- ing a part of this specification.

My invention relates to calculating machines of the class now generally known as adding machines. My invention provides a machine unusually well adapted to carry on promiscuous operations of addition and subtraction, and it may be used for a great variety of calculations besides those mentioned.

It is one of the objects of the present inveution to providea machine capable of carrying on all of the calculations effected by the commercial machines now upon the market, and'at the same time to reduce the complication and cost of manufacture to a point such that the machine may be sold at but a fraction of the price now charged for com mercial addin machines.

Generally t e machine of my invention comprises, first, the more strictly calculating mechanism in conjunction with its operating or actuating mechanism, and, second, the paper-holding or feeding mechanism upon which the data and the results of the calculations are printed. My invention rovides a calculating machine proper, w ich may be applied to an one of several forms of paper-holding an feeding mechanisms. It provides also, an interchangeable set of paper-holdin or feeding mechanisms, with any one of w ich the more strictly calculating mechanism may be operatively associated. This rather complete mec anical separationof the calculating mechanism from the paper-holding and feeding mochanism, results in a number of advant "es which will more fully appear 1n connection with the detailed description of the various forms of'papenholding and feeding mecha-,

nism. I have illustrated paper-holding and feeding mechanism adapted to feed a narrow strip of paper upon which numbers to be added and subtracted may be listed, and

upon which the total may be imprinted. I

have shown. also, a platen adapted to .shift both sidewise and vertically relative tl) the imprint of the calculating mechanism, this mechanism being such as to permit the use of paper sheets of any desired size or shape. I have illustrated, further, a form of platen such that the calculating machine maybe made to. imprint a record of its operations u on ,the pages of a book, or other flat lying s eetof paper. It is one of the advantages of my invention that the calculating part of the mechanism may be thus applied to these various forms of paper-holding and feeding mechanisms.

, The more strictly calculating machine part of the device, includes a reversible t0- talizing register, containing numeral wheels and carry-over mechanism. Associated with the register, is a register actuating mechanism. Generally stated, the actuating mechanism comprises a series of actuating sectors, one for each numeral wheel of the register. Each actuating sector is provided with a lever, by means of which the sector may be swung about a pivot a greater or less distance as may be necessary to determine the number of unit spaces to which the associated register numeral wheel is to be rotated. Between the actuating sectors and the numeral wheels of the registers, is located a set of reverse gears, which, when in one position, inter-connect an actuating sector and its numeral wheel in a manner such that the numeral wheel will be rotated in the forward direction during the swing of the actuating sector, and which when in the other position establish a reverse interconnection such that the forward swing of the actuating sector will cause a backward rotation of the associated numeral wheel, as necessary in the act of subtraction. The amount of the swing of each actuating sector is determined by a stop, or set of stops, manually operated in conformity with the numbers to be accounted for in the totalizregister.

riefly stated, a set-up is made by manually swinging the actuating sectors of the appropriate orders to more or less advanced positions as determined by the manipulation of the stops associated with the several actuating sectors. The device of my invention is 'such that the numeral wheels of the totalizing register are actuated positively and directly during the forward swing of the actuating sectors as takes place in effecting the set-up. As will more fully appear also, the carry-over mechanism is arranged to effect the necessary carry-overs simultaneously with the positive forward ac:

tuation ofthe numeral wheels of the register. By shifting the intermediate gearing into the subtracting position, a :cglifmondfl ingly positive and direct actuation of the numeral wheels of the register is secured,-

the reverse carry-overs being eifected simultaneously=with the direct actuation 'of the numeral wh p In order to efiect the p numb rs. whichar s tered 1th:- tota le i re i t r. I pr v d 'a ses segm n a 99 i \lus iqn wit we ac uati g .s q pn se era a u ti g. s a s. a e. swir s in! thei ,m e r ess adran d ,q it (ms. in entertain iw th th -NW t amidst .Hh.. .re .td,.t s rms ng; tha p pn ts ass n r Pe -m mi es sense 1 ipos usn snchthata su eque t operat on in 1 cause the number to be printed npne 9 retin .The Prin gfiss s a l gh -downwa d re en cfflw hole edit ng m chanism re ive to t e p pe upon-which theriecqtdpf its operations is blei V 'fi ts a gi va u m erh be en ed in he tat-alizi ggre st r a Prmte u o th record be t, s necessary to return allot the a tnatiu ec or to t r normal home po it o s, .w i reqpon t ad i -(1 1 1 1:

rac on tth ext s qce d ns u b r mes b fiect i F r his purpose, I rov1de a so-called fprinting or operating lever,

, wh ch. ijsop mt d ma ually p n the 0.01

pletion of the set-up. TglllS lever not only o tr s the...n inti g, bu i re urns the actuating sectors to their norrnal positien, and imb sev a sp i re t i h c n. best beexplained ,in connection with a dc. tailed description of the mechanism. For convenience, I provide a set of nu; rneral wheels or index wheels, each perina nently geared to one of the actuating sectors, whereby the amount of any given set-.up may be readdirectly from this set of nu;- meral wheels.

From this general outline, it will he um. derstood that the operation of listing and totaling is accomplished by a set of opera; tions as follows:

First, the actuating sectors are swung to, ositions correspondi with the first nunr. r of the list to. he iii lded; thereupon, the printing or operatin lever is manipulated to print the first nurn er of the list. When.

' through the agency of this operating lever,

izing register by an ap )ropriate set-up of the actuating sectors. hereupon, a second manipulation of the print ng or operat: ing lever will cause the second number to be printed. The totalinhg register now shows the total of the first two numbers of the list. These operations are continued rinting of the mwhanism is :hrought into play to reverse the direction of the connection between the actuating sectors and the numeral wheels -e the totalizing register, whereupon the actuating sectors are brought .t'o -positions porrespondil} Alfiththe total displayed by the numeral w eels of the totalizing revister. The print-in .,or operating lever now .cing fl lhittd, .W l.cause to, be printed upon the list; anumber corresponding with thetotal of the several items which have been entered in the totalizing register.

in attelnpt ng thusto outline in agenerql may, the .opsra on of-the mach ue, I have BnrPo eL avoid d a s ss o of the many details v'v' iich enter into and inodify the gen eral ,plan of .operation as above stated. These'hadbest be reserved for statement in connection with the explanation of the me an m There are, further, a number of safety devices intended to prevent the possibility of false operations or indications; There are also a number of useful appurtenances tohe used, as when it is desired, for example, m accu nulateiu the-totalizerwithout printing on a list or, on the contrary, to Prin wi hout We zi g.

The :fact that I, donot attempt in this reli njmu'y statement to enumerate or -r nen-. tiqn allpf these devices, is not to, be regarded a indicative of a failure on my partto. appreciate their presence or .their importance. l omit reference to these, simply because of the.difi 0ulty.of intelligently stating or explaining them in mere general terms.

aving now stated, inn preliminary way, thi general scheme of operation, I shall pro,- ceedto a detailed description of the mechanism. This may best be followed in con,-

junction with the accompanying drawings,

in which-,-

Figure 1 is a front view of the machine, including the paper roll base.

Fig. 2,- is a side view of the same.

Fig. 3,.- is a cross sectional view on line 3--3 of, Fig. 1.

Fig. 4, is a cross sectional view on line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5, is a cross sectional detail illustrating the ribbon spool and clamp.

Fig. (i,- is an enlarged partial cross sectional, view on line 6-.6. of Fig. 3.

Fig. 7, is a partial cross sectional view of the carry-over mechanism, taken on line '4' o ig- 6- Fig. 7, is a similar view on line 7 of 6. 1g. 53,-;- 1S a p art1 al cross sectional v 1ew showing the driving gears of the totalizer taken on line 8 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 9, is an enlarged partial cross sectional View of the reversing mechanism looking in the direction of arrows 9-9, of

' lodring in the direction of the arrows 33 of Fig. 1, but showing parts, only, of the various controlling mechanisms.

. Fig. ll, is a partial cross sectional view looking in the direction of the arrows 3-3 of Fig; 1, and showing the totalizer and driving gears, the printlng mechanism, and the key lever return mechanism.

Fig. 12, shows in detail the key lever return mechanism with the universal bar in its lowermost position.

Fi 13, is a corresponding view showing the key lever returning mechanism with the operating lever in position to carry the universal bar back to the home position.

Fig. ].4,- is a side elevation with parts broken away, to show a modified form of keyboard.

Fig. 15;- is a partial cross sectional view showing one bank of keys with the key tops broken away to illustrate the sidewise displacement of the keys.

Fig. 16, illustrates in front elevation partly broken away, a modified form of key card with but a single bank of key stops.

Fig. 17, is a partial cross sectional view taken on line l717 of Fig. 16. V

Fig. 18, is a partial cross sectional view taken on line 18-18 of Fig. 16, showing'the key lever control of a single bank key-board machine. Ti?

Fig. 19, is a side elevation showing the combination of the calculating machine proper and a set of guide rails therefor.

Fig. 20, is a plan view of the same.

Fig. 21,is a partial front elevation of the machine on rails.

Fig. 22, is a detail showing the construction of the clutch forming a part of the rail carriage.

Fig. 23, is a plan view showing two sets of rails mounted on a plate, two carriages and one calculating machine in place.

Fig. 24 is. a front elevation showinga machine with platen paper feed mechanism.

Fig. 25,- is a partial cross sectional view of the same machine, taken on line 25-25 of Fig. 24.

Fig. 26, illustrates in detail, the platen ratchet.

Fig. 27, is a artial cross sectional View corresponding with Fig. 11, but showing a modified and improved arrangement of parts which may be substituted for those shown in Fig. 11.

Fig. 28,- is a similar view of the s me parts in a different position of operation.

The same characters of reference are applied to corresponding parts in all of the several figures.

I shall describe first, the totalizing register, then the mechanism for actuating the totalizer, and then the printing mechanism, and shall then proceed to describe the various forms of paper feeding mechanism with which the more strictly calculating machine part of the combination may be associated.

Practically all of the calculating machine mechanism is supported by and between the two side plates 1 and 2. As best illustrated in Figs. 3 andfi, the several numeral wheels 3a, 3b, 30 and 311., are loosely mounted to rotate upon a numeral wheel spindle 4 carried inthe side plates 1 and 2. This spindle has a longitudinal motion, which for t e moment need not be taken into consideration. Associated with each numeral wheel is a register gear 5a. 5k, and with each numeral wheel also, except that of highest order, a one tooth carrying disk 6a, 6g. .Each numeral wheel and its associated driving gear and carrying disk are fastened together by a rivet such as that illustrated in cross section at 7d.

The carry-over and detent mechanism is loosely mounted upon a carry-over spindle 8. The carry-over and detent gearing is made up of a seriesof units, one of the several units having been shaded heavily in Fig. 6 to distinguish one such unit from the balance of the mechanism.

Each unit comprises a totalizer driving gear 90, 9h, a carry-over gear 10a 10g, and adctent wheel 11a .1. life. The carry-over gear is omitted, for obvious reasons, from the first or lowermost unit ofthe set of carry-over gearing.

Each register gear, as for example, 5a, remains practically permanently in mesh with its associated totalizer driving gear 90,. All motion of any numeral wheel is, therefore, accompanied. by a corresponding motion of the associated totalizer driving gear. The numeral wheels are driven forward or backward through the intervention of these totalizer driving gears.

Just how this is accomplished will be explained presently. For the moment, I wish to point out a novel feature of importance, which is confined to the totalizer, i. e.,.the numeral wheels and the associated carryover mechanism.

Ordinarily, there is a 1 to 1 ratio of gearing, by means of which the carry-over between adjacent numeral wheels is effected, the mechanism being such that the tens wheel is turned at the same rate of speed as is the units wheel while the carry-over is being eflected. In the same way, the hundreds wheel has been turned at the same rate as the tens wheel when the tens is carrying into hundreds, and so on up the line. In such a construction, it will be found that when carrying takesplace over several 01'- ders simultaneously, on account of lost motion the numeral wheels of the highest or higher orders will not be turned a full space, and perhaps not through a large enough part of a full space to serve the desired purpose. In order to avoid this failure to get the complete carry-over in the numeral wheels of highest order, it has been "necessary, heretofore, to build the whole register mechanism with great accuracy, thereby avoiding lost motion in so far as possible. This, however, has made the register expensive, and the necessarily close fit and adjustment have made such registers stifl, thereby necessitating considerable power in order to eflect their oporation. The other alternative commonly used in the past, has been to employ a secondary or auxiliary mechanism of one kind or another, to effect the carry-over. M y invention provides means for avoiding all of these troubles by the use of what I term a multiple ratio carry-over gearing. The gear ratios are such that when the units wheel turns from the 9 to the 0 position, the tens wheel will be turned a tenth of a revolution, but at a speed practically double that of the units wheel. As a matter of fact, I have found it unnecessary to use a ratio as high as 1 to 2, but the assumption of a 1 to 2 ratio will simplify the explanation. A similar multiple ratio is embodied in the mechanism for carrying from tens to hundreds, whereby the turning of the tens wheel from the 9 to the 0 position. will cause the hundreds wheel to be turned through a tenth of a revolution, but the motion of the hundreds wheel will be at a speed practically double that of the tens wheel, and so on up the line. If the ratio is as high as 1 to 2., and provided the lost motion is not excessive, it will be found that the numeral wheel of highest order will be turned completely through one tenth of a revolution before the units wheel has completed its one step advancement. This means that there is no lag in the movement of numeral wheels of higher orders. This in turn means that there may be considerable lost motion without disadvantage. This permits cheaper and less accurate workmanship, and the lost motion contributes to the ease of operation of the register. The lost motion does not, however, result in any failure to operate the register wheels of high order, because, as I have explained, the multiple ratio carry-over gearing comes into play to complete the one step advancement of a numeral wheel of one order simultaneously with, or if desired, a little before, the completion of the one step advancement of the numeral wheel of next lower order.

The multiple ratio gearing is well illustrated in Fig. 6, where it will be seen that ratios of the units of the carry-over the carry-over disk 6a of the units wheel is of large diameter, and the carry-over gear 10a with which it cooperates, is of small diameter, while the totalizer driving gear 96 is of large diameter. The tooth of the carrying disk and the notches in the periphery of the cooperating carry-over gear are of such form that the numeral wheel of one order is turned through but a tenthv of a revolution whenever the numeral wheel of next lower order passes from its 9 to its 0 position. The result is that during the moment of carry-over, the numeral wheel of hi gz'her order turns at a rate higher than that of the numeral wheel of next lower order, which through its carrying disk controls the carrv-over.

If there were but two or three numeral wheels to be considered, there would be no great need for this multiple ratio carry-over gearing, because the small amount of lost motion between two or three numeral wheels would be so slight as to be negligible. So also. the lost motion in the carry-over gearing of 1 to 1 ratio would prove entirely satisfactory, even with some lost motion, if the necessary carry-over could always be confined to two or three numeral wheels. If, however, the six numeral wheels of lowest order stood at 999,999, and'one were then to turn the units wheel one step in the forward direction, the showing of the register would be changed to 1,000,000. This change in the showing of the register must be effected by means of a simultaneous carryover from units to tens, tens to hundreds, hundreds to thousands, thousands to tens of thousands, tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands, and hundreds of thousands to millions. In other words, six numeral wheels in addition to the units wheel, must be given a one step advancement by means of a carry-over initiated by the units numeral wheel. When the carry-over must be effected in this way through a large number of orders, any considerable degree of lost motion will be very objectionable because of the inevitable failure to turn the higher or- (ler wheels through the required angle. In accordance with my invention, the full angular one step advancement of each wheel of higher order is absolutely assured, and this even if there be a considerable lost motion in each carry-over unit.

The multiple ratio carry-over gearing re-' quires the application of more power to the driven numeral wheel from which the carry-over proceeds, than would be the case in the use of a 1 to 1 carry-over gear ratio. This requirement for additional power in driving the wheel of lower order may be minimized, however, by graduating the ear set: thus. for example, it will be seen in ig. 6 that I have supplied the units numeral wheel with a carrying disk of larger diameter than that of the carrying disk associated with the numeral wheels of higher orders. The diameters of the carrying disks are shown as decreasing progressively from the units order toward the higher orders at the left-hand end of the drawing. The cooperating carry-over gears arecorrespondingly increased in diameter from right to left. Thus, the gear ratio betweenunits and tens may be made 1 to 2, whereas the carry-over gear ratio between the two numeral Wheels of the highest order may be 1 to 1. The intervening gear ratios may be graduated to suit the convenience and re quirements of a particular case. It is ob-' viously not necessary that the graduation of the gear ratios be extended to the limit. Thus, for example, the ratio between the lowermost numeral wheels of a set mightbe made to 2, the gear ratios between the numeral wheels of intermediate orders might be made 1 to 1.5, and the ratio be' tween the numeral wheels of the 'highest order might be made 1 to 1. As previously stated, I have not found it'necessary nor desirable to introduce at any point, a gear ratio as high as 1 to 2, but the figures above given will illustrate the principle upon which this feature of my invention is based. The above described feature of my invention'is very important in any machine which has to have a direct carry-over. I believe that this feature, in conjunction with what I term the differential detent mechanism, subsequently to be described, goes far toward solving the problem of a direct and positively united totalizcrwith direct and simultaneous carry-over. I have stated that the numeral wheels 0 the totalizing register are driven forwardly or backwardly, as may be required, by

means of the totalizer driving gears 9a 971.. I shall now describe the mechanism for rotating these totalizer driving gears. The rotation of each totalizcr driving gear and its associated numeral wheel is controlled by a gear sector, there being a set of gear sectors 12a. 12h corresponding in number with the numeral wheels of the totalizing register. These sectors are loosely mounted upon the gear sector axle 13. Each gear sector is stamped from a sheet of metal, of which a finger piece 14a 141:. forms an integral part. These finger pieces or actuating levers, projectthrough openings 15a 15k in the front plate 16 of the machine, and provide manually operable means for rotating the gear's'ectors upon their common axis of rotation.

Each gear sector is intended to effect the rotation of the associated totalizer driving gear. In order to add, it is necessarythat the downward movement of each finger piece should cause rotation oi the associated numeral Wheel in one direction; in order to subtract, a similar downward movement of the finger piece must efi'ect the rotation of the associated. numeral wheel in a reversed direction. It is necessary, therefore, to provide reversing gearing which may be thrown in or out of mesh as may be required to effect the rotation of the numeral wheel in the desired direction. This interconnecting and reversing gearin is best illustrated in Figs. 9 and 9. T e position of line 9.-9 of Fig. 3, will show that Fig. 9 is' a cross-section taken on a line below the plane of the totalizer driving gears and the numeral wheels, etc. However, I havein Fig. -9, dotted in at 9*, the outline of the first totalizer driving gear, in order that its relation to the interconnecting and reversing gearing will be apparent; The interconnectin and reversing gearing comprises a pair 0 ratchet gears associated with the numeral wheel of each order, these ratchet gears being marked 16a, 17a, 16b, 171), etc. These ratchet ears are loosely mounted upon a longitufinally shiftable spindle 18. the sidewise position of which is controlled by a reversing cam 19, rotatively mounted upon the side plate 1 and shifted angularly. by the reversing button 20. The several pairs of ratchet-gears are mounted between collars 21 pinned to the ratchet gear spindle 18. Short helical springs .22 are interposed between adjacent sets of ratchet gears, wherebythe ratol1et teeth of the ratchet gears of each pair are forced into engagement with one another. As shown in Fig. 9, the reversing button is in the non-accumulative positionpl. e. an intermediate position which determines a longitudinal position of the ratchet gear spindle 18 and the ratchet ears thereon, such that both ratchet gears 0 each air are in mesh with the associated tota izer driving gear. When the ratchet'gears are in this intermediate position, the associated gear sector 12 may be rotated without causing any rotation of the ratchet gears or the totalizer driving gear associated therewith. If, however, the reverse button be thrown into the adding position, the ratchet gear spindle 18'is forced to the right by virtue of the cam 19 acting upon the 'pin 21, whereby the ratchet gears 16a, 166, 1671. are thrust into mesh with the gear sectors 12a, 12b, 12b

ear-of each 9h. When,

9, the direct acting ratchet gear 16. will be caused to rotate"in the direction of the ar-' row'24fThis' rotation of; the ratchet gear 16a will be" communicated through the ratchet teeth tofthe ratchet gear-17a of the l ously stated,

pa r, and this latter will communicate its mQ IOII of rotation through the totalizer driuing gear 9a to the register-gear 5a and its associated numeral wheel 3a. As previit is necessary, however, to arrange 01 a, notation of the numeral wheel in the reverse direction when the gear sector is rotated in the same direction as that indicatedby theanrow 23in Figs. 9 and n orden that th s result may be accomplished, L associate with each gear sector an auxiliary gear sector-27a. 27lpg-the main and the auxiliary gear; sectors being fastened to-. gather so. far as angular rotation is con? oerned by. meansof the stop pins 28a 28h. Upon anidler spindle 29 are mounted. a set of idler pini ns 30a. 30h. Each idlerpinion is permanently in mesh. wit its associated auxiliaryy ear. sector.- The-position and diameter the idler pinionsare such that when. the ratchet gear sp ndle. 18 is turned to the left by a suitable rotatiomof the reverse button 20., the ratchet. gears 17a, 1771.! will: be forccd into, mesh with the idlerpini'ons 30a 3011, the atch t gears 16c 16h at thesame time being drawnout of mesh with themain gear sectors ands-lipped into m sh with the totalizer driving gears 9c 910.. When, therefore, the reverse hutton is in the subtracting position, the downward swing of any gear sector-will; through,..theinterwention of the; associated idler pinion, cause a rotation of the associated numeral wheel in a correspondingly reverse. direction. It will be apparent, without further explanation, that the ratchet teeth of the ratchet gears will act in adirectionsuch asvto transmit motion to. the numeral-:wheels in this, reverse-directron.

It may be wellat thispoint to call attention to. the action ofthe. ratchet gears in permitting the necessary carry-over to be effected. Assume, for example, that the finger piece-14a is being de ressedin order to drive directly the units w eel of: the register, and assume also, that the units numeral wheel is thus driven from its. 9:1;0 its zero position. The carry-over gearing previously described, will transmit; motion corresponding with one-tenth oi a revolution directly from the. units, numeral wheelto the. teusnumeral wheel. This indirect, or carryover driving of the tens numeralwhce will cause a corresponding: angular ret tiemot the tctelizer driving-gear of. the ten-3S order;,-the totalizer drivinggear of: the-toms;- Hiderwill. a his time he 1n meshwithzthe; ratchet. gear. 17.6, whichwill thusbe caused torotate through a small angle .in the; dire tion of the arrow 31b. 05 Fig.- 95. Themssociated ratchet gear 166 ofithe, pair.isati his m e-inmesh with. the main. gear sector, 1.221,.hut the direction fiith re bet: eeth. of: he-ratche ge '18. such that the a001fld= lddln: BPJe' eZZ assumes will. permit the ratchet gear 16b to slip to the right, thereby permitting the necessary rotation of the tens order wheel and the gearing in mesh therewith. It is to be noted in this connection also, that the alinement of the ratchet gears is such that the ratchet teeth come normally to positions such that the faces of the teeth do not quite engage one another. This insures the dropping of {the ratchet teeth intopositions such that they willbe in condition to transmit power from the gear sectors to the numeral wheels whenever called upon to do so. If it were not for this slightdegree of lost motion between the faces oftheratchet teeth of the ratchet gears, there would be danger of a failure through lost motion in the carryover mechanism, to move the ratchet gears through a suificient angle to insure their proper operation when called upon to transmit power to the numeral wheels.

The arrangement thus far described, permits the numeral wheels of the totalizerto be operated positively and directly upon or during the forward actuation of the con trolling and driving mechanism as governed by the setting levers 14. The arrange ment" is such.also as to permit the necessary carry-over to be edected simultaneously with theactuation of the numeral wheels. Furthermormthe mechanism is reversible both for driving-and for the purposes of carryover. This construction has several advantages. It resultsin a positive carry-over, as. well as a positive actuation of the numeral wheels of the totalizer. It eliminates all set-up mechanism for the carry-over, as well as for the actuation of the totalizer. The arrangement enables me at once to dispense with a lot of complicated mechanism, of 'whichis necessarily dependent upon the operation of springs which are likely to get out. oi order. The-arrangement enables me to dis ense also with complicated mechanism or driving the set-up keys from a common actuating source. The ratchet mechanism replaces. the positive mechanisms of the prior art for pulling the actu-atin means out of engagement with the tota flizer mechanism. I am enabled, therefore, to dispense with the engaging and disengaging mechanism heretofore employed. The ratchet. mechanism also permits the necessary carry-over. to be effected without thenecessity ofpulling the actuating mechanism out oi engagement with the totalizer mechanism. The ratchet mechanism is. peculiarly valuable in. a machine intended. to bothadd andsubtract, as with a minimum of parts I am enabled to. drive'the totalizer wflhaui m in either direction, and with the assurance that the proper. carry-overs will be effiected.

Thus far, I have described the mechanisnr ofi the, totalizer, and part the totalizer' much i or levers 

